Healthy Food Perception and Nutritional Gaps in Early Childhood: A Comparative Study of Two Preschools

Abstract

This study aims to explore the perception of healthy food and nutritional gaps in children aged early
in two PAUDs with different socio-economic backgrounds. The main problems studied were lack of
understanding child about food Healthy as well as the impact to intake nutrition Which often unbalanced during early development. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s perceptions on
healthy food in both PAUDs and identify the nutritional gaps that occur, so that recommendations can
be provided for improving nutritional education. The study used an approach qualitative comparative
study using semi-structured interview techniques, observation, and dietary assessment. Participants
consisted of 40 children aged 4–6 years, along with their teachers and parents, selected using purposive
sampling. Data analysis was conducted thematically to understand children’s perceptions, and supported by quantitative analysis of food intake to detect nutritional gaps. The results showed that children in
both PAUDs generally recognized fruits and vegetables as healthy foods, but had limited understanding
of other food groups such as protein and grains. Nutritional gaps were found in both PAUDs, especially
in protein, fiber, and vitamin intake, with conditions being more severe in PAUDs with low socioeconomic status. The role of parents and teachers is very important in shaping children’s dietary patterns,
although often hampered by lack of knowledge and limited resources. This study recommends the need for more comprehensive and age-appropriate nutrition education to reduce malnutrition in early
childhood.